This policy is adopted by Brown School as of 5/1/2024. Brown School has adapted Washington University’s Business Expense Policy by specifying additional requirements noted by the outlined boxes.
The Business Expense Policy outlines policies and guidelines for business expenses, including travel-related expenses. It is stated in general terms and is not intended to cover every possible situation. More restrictive policies and guidance when grant funding is used may apply and may not be expressly stated in this document. For details see the Sponsored Projects Accounting topic available on the Financial Services website. Likewise, more restrictive policies may be set at the department or school level. However, it is the responsibility of the department or school to document, communicate, and enforce any restrictions they impose.
It is essential that Washington University has a strong accounting control environment and guards its image as a careful steward of charitable and public funds. Given the decentralized nature of the university, Senior Management relies heavily upon individual judgment at all levels of the organization in determining when expenses are necessary and reasonable. Unauthorized business expenses that do not comply with university policies or expenses deemed to be excessive may not be reimbursed or may result in taxable income to the employee.
This policy applies to all faculty and staff, as well as students, guest lecturers or researchers, consultants, prospective employees, and any others seeking reimbursement for university-approved business expenses. For non-faculty and staff, no commitment for reimbursing such expenses should be made before ascertaining that this policy authorizes such activities. To ensure compliance, departments are responsible for informing all non-employees about this policy, prior to their visit.
Topics
- Non-Reimbursable Expenses
- Entertainment Expenses (Non-Travel)
- Mileage Reimbursements
- Gift Cards
- Software Purchases from Non-US Companies
- Charitable Contribution Payments
- Business Travel Expenses
- Expense Report
- Spend Authorization
- Supplier Invoice
- Miscellaneous Payment
- Additional Help
- Discretionary Funds
- Computer Equipment Addendum
Compliance and Controls
Under the Internal Revenue Code, expense reimbursement, at minimum, requires:
- That expenses must be incurred expressly for university business.
- Employee expense reimbursements and procurement card transactions must be accounted for in Workday via the Expense module. This process includes selecting the business purpose from a predefined list, as well as providing a detailed description as to the nature of the expense in the memo section of the expense report. For trip-related expenses, as a matter of best practices, it is recommended that the trip start date and end date also be noted in the memo section of the expense report.
Brown School – requires trip start date, end date, location, and business purpose in the memo section.
- That expenses must be properly accounted for to the employer within a reasonable period of time.
- Requests for reimbursements, substantiation of cash advances and substantiation of procurement card transactions should be completed within a reasonable period of time, generally no longer than 15 days after the expense is incurred. For travel related expenses, reimbursements may be requested in aggregate within 15 days of trip completion. All procurement card purchases should be expensed within 15 days of being incurred. Expense reports with a receipt date that is 60 or more days old will route for approval to the Senior Finance Approver (a security role assigned to individuals in the Dean’s office or Financial Services for the CFU and other areas) in your School or administrative unit.
- Effective January 1, 2024, procurement cards will be suspended for cardholders with outstanding transactions. For travel related transactions, cards will be suspended for open transactions that are 60 days past the trip date. For non-travel transactions, cards will be suspended for open transactions that are 60 days past the transaction date.
- That disallowed expenses incurred by the employee must be repaid within a reasonable period of time.
- In the event that a school or department incurs an expense or reimburses an employee for an expense that is deemed unallowable under these rules, the amount must be repaid by the employee or be reported to payroll within 90 days of the disallowance.
Brown School – Personal items or services purchased on procurement cards in error must be repaid via personal check, cashier’s check, or money order made payable to Washington University and sent to Cash & Credit operations at Mail Stop 1147-0423-1500.
Brown School – Items you are reimbursed in error must be repaid via personal check, cashier’s check or money order made payable to Washington University and sent to the expense team at mail stop 1056-423-1500.
Reimbursable expenses must conform to university policy, federal and state law, if applicable, and the restrictions placed upon sponsored awards. If under review by the university’s Tax Department, expenses incurred or reimbursed are not deemed to have sufficient business connection, then such expenses may be treated as taxable income to the recipient. Taxable reimbursements will be reported to payroll and included on the employee’s Form W-2. Taxable reimbursements made to non-employees may be reported on the IRS Form 1099-MISC or Stipend Tax Letter.
Finance Transaction Approvals
Senior Management relies heavily on all individuals with approval roles in Workday to ensure spending adheres to all applicable university policies and spending restrictions. This applies to all expenses including when grant and gift funding are used, when reimbursements are made, and when procurement card transactions are substantiated.
At times, because of unusual situations or special circumstances, it will be necessary to allow policy exceptions. When an exception is necessary, a brief explanation of the exception must be noted on the transaction or as a document attachment. Individuals in the department approving these transactions must forward transactions (via an ad hoc approval) to the respective Senior Finance Approver. Exceptions associated with the Chancellor, Executive Vice Chancellors, Deans, and other Senior Management reporting to the Chancellor should also be forwarded to the CFO Expense Report Approver.
Expense reports with travel related activity incurred by Deans, Executive Vice Chancellors and other Senior Management reporting to the Chancellor will automatically route to the CFO (or the Controller in the absence of the CFO) for approval. The Vice Chancellor & General Counsel will approve travel activity incurred by the CFO.
Under certain circumstances, exceptions to the travel policy resulting in additional expenses to the university may be treated as taxable income to the recipient. Taxable reimbursements will be reported to payroll and included on the employee’s Form W-2. Taxable reimbursements made to non-employees may be reported on the IRS Form 1099-MISC or Stipend Tax Letter.
Supporting Documentation
Supporting documentation should provide evidence of origination from the vendor that contains purchasing details, including date, description or itemization of expenses, price, and proof of payment. Monthly credit card statements and canceled checks alone will not be accepted as supporting documentation. Note: Paper copies of supporting documentation that is attached to the applicable financial transaction doesn’t need to be retained. As a matter of best practice, departments may wish to keep paper copies until the transactions are fully complete in Workday.
Supporting documentation is always encouraged regardless of amount. The use of estimated amounts is not allowed. Although always encouraged, receipt requirements vary based on the type of expense incurred, sponsor requirements, and if a procurement card is used:
- Some sponsors require actual receipts for all transactions. In these cases, it is necessary to obtain and attach all receipts regardless of amount.
Brown School – itemized receipt is required for sponsor projects regardless of dollar amount. Meal receipts must be itemized. If it is a travel meal and itemized receipts are unavailable, per diem will be applied by default.
- Receipts for procurement card transactions $10 or greater are required.
- Receipts for individual expenses of $50 or more are required. Expense reports missing receipts totaling $75 or greater per day is considered excessive. With Workday’s mobile app, taking pictures of receipts is easier than before.
Brown School—To get reimbursed, a receipt that complies with the requirements set forth throughout this document must be presented. If the expense was charged to a procurement card and the receipt is not presented or compliant, funds should be refunded to the School. This applies to amounts exceeding the abovementioned thresholds.
- As a best practice on expense reports, multiple receipts should generally not be added together and submitted as one expense line. However, examples of when aggregating multiple receipts on one expense line may be acceptable, at the discretion of the approving cost center manager include:
- Multiple meal expenses supported by receipts and incurred on the same day
- Ground Transportation incurred throughout the trip
- Parking & Tolls incurred throughout the trip and
- Tips/Gratuities
Note that aggregated expense lines should never include both expenses supported by a receipt and those not supported by a receipt.
Brown School – When completing an expense report, each receipt has to have its own expense line and not be added together. The date and the dollar amount recorded in your expense report must match the itemized receipt. Also, a separate expense report should be done for each person traveling including all related expenses for a trip. (i.e., you purchased airfare and hotel for 4 individuals to go to a conference. When you do your expense report, do one for each individual attending the conference with all their expenses you paid for.)
Travel & Non-Travel Expenses
In general, goods and services should be purchased/ordered using the university’s standard purchasing method and payments should be made directly to the vendor. Payments for services with personal funds are strongly discouraged. Note that the reimbursement of payments for services made with personal funds also results in a reporting requirement by the university for which additional information must be obtained.
Brown School – instead of using personal funds, please request invoice and W9/W8/EIN information from the vendor. then submit to Brown Finance email with approved payment request (see addendum-Supplier Invoice.)
Brown School – Example: When paying individuals or suppliers, a W9/W8/EIN will be required so that tax is able to follow IRS rules and report the payment. When paying foreign individuals, please use the foreign individual information request. https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Foreign-Individual-Information-Request-rev-June-2023.pdf
Expenditures that are not otherwise covered in this policy may be considered a reimbursable expense provided that a valid business purpose exists for the expenditure. Items of an unusual nature should be discussed with the Accounts Payable department and, if charged to a grant, with Sponsored Projects Accounting before incurring the expense. Note also that special rules may apply to direct payments to non-resident aliens. Please refer to the Financial Services website under the Foreign Payees section.
Brown School – unusual items must have prior approval from Brown Finance, and an approval email must be attached to the expense report.
List of examples:
- Home-Office furniture
- Computer equipment and accessories that are not being purchased through the IT Department (please see the “Computer Equipment Addendum” )
- Maintenance expenses and supplies
- Cell phone, internet, and telephone line charges
- Charitable contributions
- Postage for personal correspondence
- Office or laboratory phone sets, or ordinary line charges
- Memberships in social clubs or airline travel clubs
- Wages to faculty member during the academic year
- Rental car size upgrades
- Airpods
- Cell phones
- Apple Watches
- Luggage
- Computer laptop bag
- Gifts
Non-Reimbursable Expenses
Expenses that are personal in nature should generally not be paid by the university. Examples of expenses considered personal in nature include:
- Personal entertainment expenses including airline club fees, in-flight movies, headsets, books, magazines, newspapers, health club fees, hotel pay-per-view movies, in-theater movies, greens fees, ski passes, social activities, honor / mini bar charges, etc.
- Babysitting, house-sitting, pet-sitting and kennel fees.
- Personal grooming including haircuts and shoeshine services.
- Incremental travel costs including airfare, lodging and meals for spouses, domestic partner, or other persons accompanying an employee. See Spouse/Domestic Partner Costs for limited exceptions.
- The university does not reimburse the cash equivalent value associated with the redemption/use of personal points or other rewards programs such as frequent flyer miles, Amazon points, Uber points, etc.
- Amazon Prime memberships for university purchases; the university has a corporate business account that can be used if no other procurement option exists.
- Hotel, meals, and other costs associated with going to a conference or on business travel early or staying late for non-business-related reasons.
- Late fees related to personal liability credit cards.
- Traffic fines, court costs, parking violations, and auto repairs.
- Over the counter medicine or prescription medicines.
- Rental car extra charges such as child safety seats, GPS devices for domestic travel, and satellite radio.
- Business travel accident insurance. See Business Travel Accident Insurance for additional information and exceptions.
Under very limited circumstances, certain expenses listed above may have been incurred for legitimate business purposes. If upon audit such expenses have been reimbursed without a legitimate business purpose, the amount of the reimbursement will be reported to Payroll as additional pay.
Entertainment Expenses (Non-Travel)
Entertainment expenses typically include planned events with students and donors with a valid business purpose. Entertainment expenses also include business meals when not traveling, as they are considered social in nature. Business meals, which include food and beverages served at meetings, typically include WashU employees and may include other invited guests.
Brown School – When doing an expense report, the expense line item should be “Social and Entertainment-Purchases and Supplies”.
If incurred, alcoholic beverages must be separately identified and charged to Alcoholic Beverages (Non-Travel).
The university will reimburse employees for necessary and reasonable entertainment expenses based on actual expenses incurred. Senior Management relies heavily upon individual judgment at all levels of the organization in determining when expenses are necessary and reasonable.
Brown School—Meal Expenses exceeding $100 per person need an attachment with prior approval from Brown Finance. Email brown-finance@email.wustl.edu to request this.
Entertainment expenses always require supporting documentation that includes:
- Date and place of event – for reimbursements, this is typically on the receipt.
- Specific purpose of the event or reason for expenditure. Failure to document a valid business purpose could result in amounts paid being reported as income to the individuals attending the event.
- Names and titles of people in attendance and their relationship to the university. For individuals from outside the university, this documentation should include occupation or other information relating to the person or persons entertained (e.g. donor), including name, title, or other designation, sufficient to establish a business relationship to the university. For large parties or receptions (12 or more attendees), the number of people in attendance, and the makeup of the group is acceptable.
Mileage Reimbursements
Automobile expenses will be reimbursed at the current Internal Revenue Services (IRS) standard business mileage rate when a personal automobile is used for business purposes in the United States. A reduced standard mileage rate applies for medical/patient care travel (including research subjects), charitable travel, and relocation travel. Reimbursement based on actual expenses incurred is not allowed. Additional details including reimbursement rates are available on the Financial Services website under Mileage Reimbursements.
Brown School – For mileage reimbursement, you must document miles by including a Google Map showing miles driven from starting point to ending point. (In PDF format.)
Gift Cards
Gift cards should be purchased via a purchase order. When a purchase order is not feasible, the use of a procurement card, cash advance, or personal funds is acceptable. The accounting treatment and tax reporting requirements vary depending upon the purpose and receipt of the gift card.
- Gift Cards for Non-Study Participants: Expenses associated with the gift card purchases for non-study participants should be charged to Gift Cards – Non-Study Participants. For tax reporting compliance the Gift, Prize or Award Form must be completed (https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Gift-Prize-or-Award-Form-2023-new.pdf).
Additional information, including tax consequences is available on the Financial Services website under Tax Topics.
- Gift Cards for Study Participants & Blood Donors: Expense associated with gift card purchases for study participants and blood donors should be charged to Gift Cards – Study Participants & Blood Donors. For tax reporting compliance, a log of all gift card recipients must be prepared by the department. These logs must be remitted to the Tax department when the distributed gift card exceeds $100.
Brown School – The Department, Center or PI will need to keep a running log so that once a participant reaches or exceeds $100 in a calendar year, you will need to report to the Tax Department. https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Human-Subject-Payment-Log.xlsx
- For gift cards under $100, the department must retain the log in their departmental records. For specific reporting requirements and process, see Study Participants & Blood Donors on the Financial Services website under Gift Cards.
Brown School – The School has adopted the Advarra (formerly Forte) Participant reloadable card system. New studies must use the Advarra System to purchase gift cards. Please note that if payments are made to study participants using the Advarra system, you do not need to provide a separate payment log to the Tax Department. The necessary information for tax reporting can be obtained directly from Advarra. For more information on Advarra, please visit the website of the Center for Clinical Studies.
The School strongly recommends utilizing Advarra as the preferred method for acquiring gift cards. Nevertheless, for electronic gift cards, specific guidelines are in place:
- A detailed receipt must accompany the expense report. Funding cannot proceed without participant identification, as this is non-compliant with Central Accounts Payable standards. Once participants are identified, electronic gift cards will be procured and distributed.
- Evidence of the log submission to the Tax Department (email in PDF format) must be attached to the transaction in Workday.
Maintaining and Distributing Gift Cards
- Gift cards should be tracked, physically secured, safeguarded from unauthorized access, use, or theft, and reconciled. Gift cards should be purchased in quantities that last approximately one month. Departments, Centers and PIs should maintain a perpetual inventory of items on hand.
- Gift card issuances must be documented in a log (spreadsheet). Information to be reported for each card shall include at a minimum: the distribution date, the recipient’s name, the Workday worktag for the designated funding source, the purpose of payment, the type of gift card, card value, signature or initials of the recipient.
- The Departments, Centers and PIs are responsible for making sure that the logs are stored securely ensuring that they are easily accessible for auditing purposes. The person that purchased the gift cards should also upload such records as attachments to the corresponding transactions in WD making sure that confidential information is blacked out.
- Periodically, a person who is independent of the gift card should physically count the inventory items. A comparison of inventory counts to the Departments’, Center’s or PI’s perpetual inventory “book” records should be performed and all differences investigated. Missing items should be investigated, resolved, and analyzed for possible control deficiencies. “Book” records should be adjusted to the physically counted quantities if missing items cannot be located. Significant shortages should be reported to Brown Finance. Proper segregation of duties needs to be monitored for these types of inventory items. For instance, the same person should not purchase gift cards, maintain their inventory records, and distribute them to the recipients such as research subjects.
- An official designation for each role must be documented and delivered to the Finance Department through DocuSign annually.
- If the gift cards are going to be purchased and distributed in a different country and segregation of duties cannot be observed, then the individual who handles the gift cards/cash should keep a detailed log that can be reviewed by someone outside of the project. (Please ensure that it is clear on the logs that participants are foreign nationals. The location where the activities are occurring (i.e. participation over Zoom from (country) or participating from which country) also needs to be included and clearly stated.
Periodic audits of gift card usage, distributions, and record keeping will be conducted.
Failure to follow the policies and procedures as stated above and to maintain appropriate supporting documentation can result in the suspension of the privilege to purchase and distribute gift cards.
Software Purchases from Non-US Companies
When possible, purchases of software should be made from US companies. Payments for purchases of software licenses from foreign companies are often subject to 30% withholding under Internal Revenue Code Section 1441.
To determine the vendor’s US tax status as well as the nature of the transaction, complete the Foreign Entity Information Request form available on the Financial Services website and submit it and any required attachments to TaxDepartment@wustl.edu. Providing this information before the purchase is made will allow the determination of tax liability to be made prior to the purchases. In the event that the purchases is determined to be taxable, the department will have the opportunity to budget accordingly for the 42.86% markup and/or alert the vendor that the withholding could be applied to their payment.
When withholding is not possible because full payment has already been made, the original payment must be grossed up to collect the tax liability, often by 42.86%. In these cases, the department that purchased the software will be responsible for the additional charges.
Charitable Contribution Payments
Washington University, itself, is a charitable organization that relies on contributions from donors. As such, it is essential that the university guards its image as careful stewards of all university funds. All contributions made by the university to other organizations are made public on the university’s IRS Form 990.
In the event that a contribution is deemed appropriate, payments should be made directly to the receiving organization from the University via check or procurement card. Such payments should be charged to the External Donations and Contributions spend category (if paid via invoice) or expense item (if paid via procurement card). A receipt or other acknowledgement of the gift should be obtained and sent to TaxDepartment@wustl.edu. Requests for reimbursement of such payments must be made through payroll (as a taxable reimbursement).
Business Travel Expenses
The university will reimburse employees for necessary, reasonable, and approved business travel related costs and activities based on actual expenses incurred, unless otherwise noted below.
When utilizing sponsored funds to pay for travel, there are many factors to consider in addition to those set forth in this policy. This policy, in conjunction with the Travel and Related Expenses section of the Sponsored Expenditures Guidelines apply.
Airfare
- Airfare is to be purchased at the lowest available economy/coach fare available that meets the business purpose of the trip. Multiple commercial air carrier sites should be researched prior to booking a ticket to ensure the lowest available airfare is selected and not biased by frequent flier affiliation. Employees are encouraged to make reservations well in advance to secure lowest available fares. Supporting documentation that includes the flight class, date(s), and prices are required and should be attached to the airfare expense line.
- Amounts in excess of the lowest available economy/coach fare are generally not reimbursable and are not allowed as federal direct or indirect cost. Exceptions for a one class upgrade:
- Exceptions may be granted if the lowest available economy/coach fare is not available. Supporting documentation, such as screen prints, should be obtained at the time of purchasing airfare that demonstrates the lowest fare was not available; this documentation must be attached to the airfare expense report line.
- Exceptions may be granted if there is a medical need of an employee. For medical exceptions, written documentation, no older than 12 months, from a doctor must be attached to the Airfare expense report line.
- At the discretion of the department, exceptions may be granted for flight segments that are 5 or more hours. Such exceptions are not allowed as a federal direct or indirect cost and the excess cost must be separately identified as Airfare – Upgrades and cannot be charged to a Sponsored Project. Supporting documentation should be obtained at the time of purchasing airfare that demonstrates the difference between the lowest fare and the upgrade; this documentation must be attached to the airfare expense report line.
- At the discretion of the department, additional fees that do not change the flight class such as seat choice, early check-in, and baggage are permitted. Fees must be reasonable considering the facts and circumstances of the expense. Additional fees are not allowed as a federal direct or indirect cost and must be separately identified as Airfare – Upgrades and should not be charged to a Sponsored Project.
- First class airfare is only permitted with written approval from the Chancellor or with approval by the CFO or Controller. Excess cost must be separately identified as Airfare – Upgrades and cannot be charged to a Sponsored Project.
- With a valid business reason, fees associated with changing flights or destinations are generally reimbursable. In general, these fees may not be charged to a sponsored fund. However, the employee may provide and Sponsored Projects Accounting will consider a written justification as to why the entire amount should be allowed.
- Expense reports with Business Class and First Class airfare will automatically route to the Senior Finance Approver.
- The university does not reimburse for tickets obtained via frequent flyer miles earned or reward points/programs.
- Non-commercial airline travel must be in accordance with the Policy on Private Air Transportation for Executive Officers.
- Special Rules for Sponsored Projects: When travel is reimbursed with federal funds, the Fly America Act and Open Skies Agreements must be followed.
Lodging
- Employees should seek out moderately priced accommodations to minimize the cost to the university. Many hotels offer educational discounts or reduced rates to university employees.
- Itemized receipts for all lodging expenses must be attached to the expense report. Use the Lodging Expense Item for the cost of the room including taxes. Room taxes are not sales tax, thus do not need to be separately identified (itemized) on expense reports, however, if sales tax is specifically called out, they should be split out accordingly. Other expenses included on the receipt should not be included on the Lodging Expense Item line. Examples of other expenses include room service, internet fees, and other expense charge to the room.
- Reimbursement will be made to the employee at the single occupancy rate. Additional accommodation costs over and above a single occupancy rate will generally not be reimbursed. In addition, costs associated with upgrades in accommodations will generally not be reimbursed unless standard accommodations are not available. If incurred due to availability issues, upgrades should be separately identified and reported using the Lodging Upgrades.
Meals (including beverages and gratuity costs)
Reimbursement for meals is based on the actual meal expense, not estimates. As an alternative, travelers may choose to use the Per Diem reimbursement method when overnight travel is involved. The per diem method allows for a flat sum amount per day to cover daily meals and incidental expenses in lieu of actual costs. Per diems eliminate the need to track actual cost and receipts for covered expenses. Only one reimbursement method is allowed per trip.
- Employees should seek out moderately priced restaurants and dining rooms.
- As a best practice, multiple receipts should generally not be added together and submitted as one expense line. However, aggregating multiple meal expenses supported by receipts and incurred on the same day may be acceptable, at the discretion of the approving cost center manager.
Brown School – On the expense report, each receipt is required to be reported on its own expense line, do not aggregate receipts. Please include names and titles of people and their relationship to the University. Please attach in PDF format or JPG when using workday mobile application. The receipt must be itemized. If itemized meal receipts are not obtained/available, please use the PER DIEM METHOD.
- Alcoholic beverages are not allowed as Federal direct or indirect costs. If incurred, expenses must be separately identified and reported as Alcoholic Beverages (Travel).
- If meals are included in the conference registration fee or hotel rates, an additional meal charge will not be reimbursed. Exceptions for dietary, religious reason, or other business purpose should be clearly documented. Senior Management relies heavily upon individual judgment at all levels of the organization in determining when expenses are necessary and reasonable. If meal reimbursement is requested, the Cost Center Manager may request a conference agenda be attached to verify such meals were not included in the registration fee.
Brown School – A conference agenda is required when requesting meal reimbursement, please attach in PDF format.
- Meals that include the entertainment of an individual other than another employee are considered to be social in nature and should be treated as a social/entertainment business expense. Social expenses are not allowed as Federal direct or indirect costs. If incurred, they must be charged to a departmental account.
Meal and Incidental Expense Per Diem Method
- Per Diem rates and rules are based upon Federal guidelines in order to prevent taxable income to the traveler. No per diem may be claimed for one-day travel (when there is no overnight travel). If the per diem method is used, use expense item Per Diem (Domestic) or Per Diem (International).
- The university will reimburse using per diem rates based on the tables below:
- Domestic Per Diem Rates for destinations within the Continental United States (CONUS) provided by the U.S. General Services Administration
- Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Guam Per Diem Rates provided by the Department of Defense. Note: Sum amounts included under the Local Meals and Local Incidentals for the total per diem rate.
- Foreign Per Diem Rates provided by the U.S. Department of State
- When claiming per diem, the traveler cannot use a Procurement Card for meals and incidentals.
- Incidental expenses included in the per diem rate include fees and tips given to baggage carriers, bellhops, hotel maids, etc. The per diem rate for foreign travel also includes laundry and dry cleaning.
- If per diems are claimed, the expense report must include support obtained from the applicable rate table. Because rates for foreign locations may change as often as every month, the traveler must be careful to ensure that the applied rate is appropriate to the actual dates of travel.
- Per diem rates must be adjusted under the following circumstances:
- For the day of departure and day of return (from/to your home city), the reimbursement rate is limited to 75 percent of the total daily per diem rate based on the location where the traveler is most likely to incur the meal expense. o If a meal has been paid as part of a registration fee or conference, the traveler must reduce the total daily per diem for the meal (15 percent for breakfast, 25 percent for lunch and 60 percent for dinner).
- If a traveler selects the per diem method but hosts a business meal with others (non-university employees), the university will reimburse the traveler’s particular meal based on a receipt. The traveler must reduce the total daily per diem for the meal (15 percent for breakfast, 25 percent for lunch and 60 percent for dinner).
- If the traveler is an invited guest of a third party, the traveler must reduce the total daily per diem for any meal provided (15 percent for breakfast, 25 percent for lunch and 60 percent for dinner).
- Travel throughout the trip could put the traveler in several cities with differing per diems. The traveler is eligible for the meal and incidental expense per diem in effect for the location where he or she spends the night. For the final day of travel, the per diem in effect will be that of the prior night’s stay but is limited to 75 percent of the rate.
Brown School – Must include table from referenced Per Diem website and Per Diem meal and Incidental Form – https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Per-Diem-Meal-and-Incidental-Form.xlsx
Car Rental
- Employees should seek out moderately priced automobiles to minimize the cost to the university.
Brown School – Employees should seek the base rate or economy rate for car rentals.
- For sponsored funds, if you have an upgrade to your rental car over the standard/economy rate and feel you have a valid justification please review with SPA and they can help determine if the entire cost is allowable on a sponsored fund(s).
- Gasoline expenses will be reimbursed based on actual gas purchases, not mileage.
- Rental of 12 -15 passenger vehicles is not permitted for university activities. For more information about the university’s 12 – 15 passenger vehicle policy, please read the Passenger Van Use memo to business managers on the Environmental Health and Safety website.
- The university does not reimburse for the cost of insurance offered by rental agencies when traveling in the United States, Canada, and U.S. territories. The university’s auto liability covers damages and legal defense costs for bodily injury and property damage resulting from auto accidents involving vehicles rented for university business in these areas.
- When traveling outside the United States, Canada, and U.S. territories, travelers must elect to purchase the minimum liability and physical damage insurance coverages offered by the rental agency.
- Visit the Financial Services website under the Insurance and Risk Management section for additional information about rental vehicles and what to do if you are involved in an accident.
Use of Personal Automobile (for Travel)
Automobile expenses incurred, in whole or in part, to travel between your home and your business destination, excluding normal commuting mileage, will be reimbursed at the current Internal Revenue Service (IRS) mileage rate, when a personal automobile is used when traveling in the United States. Reimbursement based upon actual expenses is not allowed. Supporting documentation must include the business purpose for the travel and actual mileage. Reimbursement is allowed in accordance with IRS guidelines for nontaxable reimbursement. For additional information about mileage reimbursement (travel and nontravel) available on the Financial Services website (click here).
Brown School – A Google Map documenting the miles driven must be attached to the expense report in PDF format.
- Use of a personal automobile for business purpose is prohibited unless the employee maintains liability insurance on their automobile which meets the minimum statutory requirement for their state of residency. If a personal automobile is used, the individual’s personal auto insurance is primary. If the individual’s liability coverage limits are exceeded, the university’s insurance acts as excess insurance. The university’s insurance does not cover the cost to repair the employee’s vehicle; however, if the employee carries collision insurance on their vehicle, the university will reimburse the employee the amount of their collision deductible, or the cost of repair, whichever is less. If the employee does not carry collision insurance on their vehicle, or the amount of their collision deductible is zero, no contribution will be made by the university, should a loss occur. Visit the Financial Services website under Insurance and Risk Management for additional information including what to do if you are involved in an accident.
- When a personal automobile is used by the employee for convenience on a work-related trip, a more comprehensive review of all costs of flying versus driving should be considered. In addition to airfare, other costs to be considered are taxi or rental car from the airport, airport parking, etc. The reimbursement for the business use of a personal car should be limited to the total costs associated with flying. It is the department’s responsibility to include detailed supporting documentation in the expense report to justify that it is less expensive to use a personal car than fly.
Brown School—Prior to using a personal automobile in lieu of flying, the employee must gather and include detailed supporting documentation in PDF format showing two airfares, taxi fare/car rental, and mileage reimbursement. The employee will be reimbursed the lesser of the flying costs or mileage reimbursement.
Conference Registration Fees
- Costs associated with required registration fees for business-related conferences, seminars, training courses, and classes related to employee training and training materials are reimbursable.
Ground Transportation, Parking & Tolls
- Reasonable business-related ground transportation, parking fees and toll costs will be reimbursed. Ground transportation includes taxi cabs, subways, Uber, etc.
Incidental Expenses
- Personal Laundry – Laundry services and valet services which cannot be deferred until completion of the trip may be claimed as a reimbursable expense. Valet/laundry charges during trips less than five days are not normally reimbursable. Requests for reimbursement must be substantiated by receipts or other documentation regardless of amount. Note: If the traveler is using the per diem reimbursement method for foreign travel, laundry and valet services are not separately reimbursable as foreign per diem amount takes these costs into consideration.
- Telephone/Internet – Telephone cost business calls, faxes, and internet access fees incurred when traveling, are reimbursable. Personal phone calls, within reason, are reimbursable but may not be charged to a sponsored fund.
- Tips/Gratuities – Tips associated with baggage handling, storage and other services are reimbursable except when the per diem method for meals and incidentals is used.
- Fees associated with International Travel – Fees associated with International Travel (i.e. visas, passports, inoculations, currency conversion fees etc.) for the employee are allowable when they are a specific and necessary condition of fulfilling a work assignment involving a foreign country on behalf of the university.
- Special rule for Sponsored Projects – Fees for passports cannot be charged to a sponsored fund. If purchased, they must be charged to a departmental account.
Spouse/Domestic Partner Travel Cost
Incremental business travel expenses of a spouse or domestic partner accompanying an employee are not reimbursable unless both conditions listed below are met.
- There is a legitimate business purpose for their attendance. Documentation such as an invitation requesting them to attend or an explanation outlining the bona fide business purpose must accompany the expense report. When there is no legitimate business purpose the incremental costs for that person(s) should not be paid for or reimbursed by the university.
- Prior written approval is obtained from the appropriate Dean, Vice Chancellor, or Executive Vice Chancellor and attached to the expense report. An appropriate Medical School department chair may also approve such cost. The Executive Vice Chancellor for Administration or the CFO can approve a request for spouse travel from the Chancellor.
When incurred, all incremental costs should be clearly identified and charged to the Spouse / Domestic Partner Travel expense item.
Brown School – If additional family members are traveling, you must use “Travel-Other” expense item.
Cash Advances for Travel
https://workday.wustl.edu/items/create-spend-authorization/
Cash advances are intended to cover employee out-of-pocket costs when traveling. Advances will not be approved more than 30 days in advance unless the employee is taking back-to-back trips. Cash advances are not available for non-employees.
Cash advances for travel must be substantiated via an expense report in a timely manner (generally 15 days) after the completion of the trip. After 30 days, outstanding advances are considered delinquent. Additional advances may be disapproved if an employee has delinquent advances. The University is required by IRS regulations to report all unsubstantiated advances as taxable income to the recipient. Therefore, advances greater than 90 days delinquent may be added to the employee’s gross wages and the appropriate tax will be withheld from their next paycheck. The amount of the travel advance will be treated as an expense to the department.
Cash advances are requested via a Spend Authorization in Workday. The advance should be requested under the name of the employee in need of out-of-pocket funds.
Brown School – Cash advances are for true estimated out-of-pocket travel expenses. (If you have already paid for an expense, please submit an expense report instead.) Upon return from the trip, please complete an expense report tied to your spend authorization with itemized receipts. Any repayments should be via personal check, cashier’s check, or money order made payable to Washington University and sent to the Expense Team at Mail Stop 1056-423-1500 referencing your spend authorization number.
Business Travel Accident Insurance
The university maintains business travel accident insurance, thus additional travel insurance cost will not be reimbursed. For business travel accident insurance details such as who is covered (Insured Person), what is covered and who to contact for questions can be found on the Financial Services website under Topics / Insurance and Risk Management.
The university’s business travel accident insurance policy and workers’ compensation insurance do not automatically cover Insured Persons if business travel is on an aircraft owned, leased or controlled by Washington University. Chartered flights are considered “leased” flights, and thus Insured Persons are not automatically covered by the university’s business travel accident or workers’ compensation insurance. If special coverage needs are required, contact the Insurance Department, in advance, to make arrangements for this coverage.
In addition, the university’s business travel insurance policy does not cover situations if:
- An Insured Person is the pilot or crew member of any aircraft or
- An Insured Person is traveling or flying on any aircraft engaged in Specialized Aviation Activities (flight which requires a special permit or waiver from the FAA, whether granted or not.)
International Travel
All university sponsored or supported international travel must comply with the university’s International Travel Policy. This policy covers travel outside of the United States or within an U.S. territory (e.g., Puerto Rico). A key component of this policy is the requirement to record travel itineraries via MyTrips. See the Global Engagement website (https://global.wustl.edu/resources/) for details about the MyTrips registry and other travel resources.
Discretionary Funds
Each faculty member has an individual discretionary account. Discretionary funds awarded to a faculty member are intended to supplement existing and available funds and can be used to fund any qualified University expenditure, except as noted in #3 below. Such expenditures, while not integral to research and teaching activities, support the overall research and teaching activities of the individual faculty member and the University community at large. Each year, faculty members who are at or above 50% effort on July 1st will receive the school’s designated amount for the year deposited directly into their individual discretionary account.
Discretionary Funds operate under the following guidelines:
1. Purchases
a. Must be in accordance with all University procurement policies and procedures.
b. All items purchased with discretionary funds are the property of the University.
c. Any discretionary account recipient who leaves the University may purchase, for an agreed-upon price, items previously acquired with discretionary funds.
2. Legitimate Business Purpose
The faculty member and/or the designated budget administrator to whom the discretionary funds are awarded must ensure expenses charged to discretionary accounts are for legitimate business purposes as defined under IRS regulations and University guidelines and policies.
Examples of eligible expenditures are:
a. Travel to meetings of professional associations or for research activities
b. Subscriptions to professional periodicals
c. Memberships in professional organizations
d. Reference books
e. Journal submission fees
f. Specialized software, other than software routinely provided by the University, for classroom use or research
g. Business-related long-distance charges
h. Business-related postal or shipping charges (FedEx, UPS, Airborne)
i. Computer peripherals: These must be compatible with existing equipment and systems, and purchasing, installment and maintenance must all go through Office of Information Technology. See also Computer Equipment addendum.
j. Specialized databases and data collection costs
k. Business-related meals or hosted professional functions
l. Professional license or certification fees
3. Expenses Not Eligible
Personal expenses of any kind are not eligible for reimbursement through discretionary accounts.
Examples of items not allowable include:
a. Home office costs such as furniture, computer equipment and accessories, maintenance expenses, and supplies.
b. Cell phone, internet, and telephone line charges unless approved by the University administration as necessary for job performance (e.g., alternative work site) or for expenses exceeding monthly plan costs and supported by business-purpose documentation which is accompanied by an expense reimbursement form.
c. Charitable contributions made in the account holder’s name
d Political contributions under any circumstances
e. Postage for personal correspondence
f. Office or laboratory phone sets or ordinary line charges
g. Memberships in social clubs or airline travel clubs, unless approved by the University’s Administration (President, Executive Vice President, or Provost) as necessary for job performance
h. Wages paid to the faculty member during the academic year
3.a Exceptions to the Above
The above-mentioned expenses might be deemed appropriate in unusual circumstances where a business need can be justified. The exception will only be applicable if a written justification with prior approval from the Dean is submitted with the expense report.
4. Status and Control of Discretionary Funds
Since discretionary accounts are University funds, the funds remain the property of Washington University in St. Louis upon departure of the faculty member, as do all items of material value purchased with the funds, including all computers purchased, even if special approval was granted to incur in the expense. It is incumbent on the Business Office at the Brown School to provide oversight.
Faculty members should not personally purchase supplies, computer software, computer hardware, or any services and then seek reimbursement. These purchases must go through administrative staff and be purchased directly through IT using WU-preferred vendors. The purpose of this is to avoid paying taxes and to take advantage of University vendor agreements. Please see this policy’s “Computer Equipment Addendum” for further details.
Computer Equipment Addendum
Brown School requires all computer equipment to be purchased through the internal Information Technology Department. You should contact the IT Director to request equipment.
When an employee is hired, the Information Technology Department will provide one standard primary device within these thresholds: Dell Computer Setup, capped at $2,500 with a 5-year warranty OR Mac Computer Setup capped at $3,500 with a 3-year warranty. Anything over those thresholds will need to be covered by the faculty member’s discretionary funds. The School will also be responsible for equipment replacements needed after the warranty period.
Additional computer equipment and/or accessories can be purchased with discretionary funds.
You are required to work with the Information Technology Department to purchase additional equipment to take advantage of discounts, for technical support, and so the computer equipment can be tracked. If you do not go through the Information Technology Department, you will not be reimbursed. If you used a Washington University procard to purchase computer equipment without going through the Information Technology Department, you will be required to reimburse the school.
All computer equipment purchased will be the property of Brown School regardless of the funds used – Information Technology Department funds or discretionary funds.
Upon leaving Brown School, the Finance Department and the Information Technology Department will conduct an exit checklist to collect all computer equipment. If you want to purchase the computer equipment to take with you, you will be provided with a price based on the fair market value of the equipment determined using the straight-line depreciation method.
Guidance for Travel on Sponsored Funds
Overview and Key Concepts
When utilizing sponsored funds to pay for travel, there are many issues to consider in addition to the Washington University travel policy. Sponsored Projects Accounting (SPA) reviews travel submitted via travel reports, travel advances and procard documents for compliance with the Washington University Travel policy as well as the applicable agency and federal guidelines. This document is meant to be a reference for charging travel to sponsored funds.
Guidelines
General Travel Items
- Travel on sponsored funds should be tied to the overall aims of the project. Per the Uniform Guidance, for federal funds, participation of the individual must be necessary to the federal award being charged and the costs must be reasonable and consistent with the non‐federal entity’s established travel policy (see UG 200.474 travel costs). Travel charged to sponsored funds should not be for professional development (i.e. travel to conferences that benefit the general knowledge base of the individual in their professional area of expertise but not necessarily benefiting a specific aim of a specific project).
- Personal travel must not be charged to a sponsored fund and should be separately and specifically accounted for to ensure that only the business-related portions of a trip are charged to the sponsored fund.
- Alcohol is not allowable on sponsored funds.
- Spend Authorizations are paid in advance of travel to the WU employee for covering airline tickets, room deposits, etc…. Spend Authorizations requested by the traveler to cover out‐of‐pocket expenses during the trip will not be approved more than 30 days prior to the trip start date. Supplier Invoices with a Payment Request Form may be utilized to pay vendors directly for registration fees or deposits if it is being made payable directly to the vendor.
- Cash advances for travel (requested via a Spend Authorization in Workday) must be substantiated via an expense report in a timely manner (generally 15 days) after the completion of the trip. After 30 days, outstanding advances are considered delinquent. Additional advances may be disapproved if an employee has delinquent advances. The University is required by IRS regulations to report all unsubstantiated advances as taxable income to the recipient. Therefore, advances greater than 90 days delinquent may be added to the employee’s gross wages and the appropriate tax will be withheld from their next paycheck. The amount of the travel advance will be treated as an expense to the department.
- Foreign exchange rates must be clearly documented by including a copy of a print screen showing the average exchange rate for the period (can be obtained from www.oanda.com) or by including a credit card statement that shows actual conversion rates. All receipts must be clearly labeled in English (i.e. hotel, rental car, taxi, food). Workday allows inputting of foreign currency and will convert to USD.
Meals
- Individual meal charges over $50 appear to be excessive on a sponsored fund. If the cost of one meal exceeds this amount, the sponsored fund should be charged the $50 and the remaining amount may be reimbursed from other funding source funds, per the department’s policies. In certain instances, the traveler may provide, and Sponsored Projects Accounting will consider, a written justification as to why the entire amount should be allowed.
- When including meals for individuals other than the traveler, the names of the individuals as well as the relationship to the grant should be well documented with justification for how the individual relates to the grant and why the meal should be charged to the grant.
Rental Car
- Rental car upgrades and auto insurance purchased from the rental company are normally not allowed on sponsored funds. If appropriate, provide justification as to why an upgrade is necessary. WU Employees and students traveling for University business are covered when renting a car under the University’s Insurance Policy; therefore, additional auto insurance should be declined. See Insurance website for details: https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wfin-topic/insurance-risk-management/vehicle-insurance/.
- Non‐WU Employees are not covered under our insurance policy and may elect to purchase rental car insurance.
- International Note – when traveling outside of the USA and Canada it is recommended that WU travelers purchase the rental car insurance. International rental car insurance is allowable to charge on a sponsored fund
Airfare
- Use screen prints to document a situation in which you have to book a flight that is NOT in compliance with the travel policy.
- Airfare change fees are rarely allowed on SPA funds and require detailed justification for unlike/unusual circumstances. Change fees will be reviewed by SPA on a case by case basis for compliance with A‐21 and Uniform Guidance. Additional airfare charges associated with changing a flight are also not allowable unless sufficient justification is presented and approved.
- Baggage fees charged by the airlines are allowable charges to sponsored fund. These are mandatory fees imposed on all travelers checking baggage.
- Flights should not be booked based on an individual’s frequent flyer program affiliation. Flight options should be well researched, and the most economical option should be purchased and reimbursed from sponsored funds.
- Expedia, Travelocity, Kayak, etc. are great research tools to find the lowest cost airfare. It is recommended to use them to research the available options and then to book directly through the specific air carrier. Note – It is highly suggested that discount travel websites are not used to book international travel. Code share agreements are not always transparent and even when it appears to be a flight booked correctly on a US flag air carrier that might not be the airline that actually is paid. See the Fly America FAQ for more information.
- Upgrades are not allowable on sponsored funds. This includes, but is not limited to, upgrades in class, early‐bird check in, priority access seating, upgrades for preferred seats, etc. NOTE – “Anytime”, “Senior” and “Business Select” airfare on Southwest Airlines are upgraded fares and are considered upgraded fares and are not allowable on sponsored funds.
- US flag air carriers must be utilized for foreign travel on federal grants and contracts unless the flight qualifies as an exception under the Fly America Act. When using non‐federal funds, US Flag Air carriers do not have to be used.
- If a foreign air carrier must be utilized for the trip, please refer to the Fly America Act, Open Skies Agreements, or the sponsoring agency’s guidelines to determine if/when this is allowable. Contact SPA prior to booking the airfare if there is any question about this issue. Additional guidance on the Fly America Act and Open Skies can be found on the SPA website.
- Open Skies Agreements provide an exception to the Fly America Act. Please refer to the Open Skies Guidance document on the SPA website.
- Exceptions – there are many exceptions that arise when booking travel. If you have a travel situation that might qualify for an exception, print screens should be obtained to document the facts at the time of booking.
- If a flight is booked and does not meet the criteria for charging to a sponsored fund, the cost of the flight may be limited to a comparable flight found at the time of reimbursement or may not be allowable on the sponsored fund at all depending on the situation. It is best to research, compare and document at the time of booking to avoid costly mistakes at the time of reimbursement.
WORKDAY PROCEDURES ADDENDUM
Expense Reports
https://workday.wustl.edu/items/create-expense-report/
Expense reports are used for reimbursement of expenses or procurement card charges. All employees have access to Workday and should input their own expense reports.
Besides the specific documents in the policy mentioned above, please make sure to include them in PDF format:
Receipts – supporting documentation that provides evidence of origination from the vendor that contains details including date, description or itemization of expenses, price and proof of payment.
Approvals – manager approves for expenses, including dollar amounts, vendor, what worktag to charge, and the verbiage – “I approve this payment and am certifying, charges appear reasonable, allocable & allowable relative to the scope of work, awarded budget and Sponsor requirements.” The preferred method of approval is DocuSign but can be done through email. If you have the security to input an expense report on behalf of someone, you will still need to include approval from the worktag FFR owner to be charged. A payment request form can also be used to obtain manager approval along with all pertinent information.
Limit the number of lines to 25 and limit to one trip per expense report.
If you charge travel expenses for multiple people going to the same conference or location, you will be required to separate your expense reports by person, including all the expenses that pertained to that person.
Each trip expense report should include all necessary reimbursements or Procard charges pertaining to the trip (i.e. ground transportation, meals/per diem, lodging, etc.).
Each trip should be on its own expense report.
Standard payment turnaround time is 30 days. If all necessary documents and approvals have been included, and there is no system approver questions, the payment process is usually shorter.
Spend Authorization
https://workday.wustl.edu/items/create-spend-authorization/
Spend authorizations are for true estimated future travel expenses.
Manager approval is required including dollar amounts, worktag, and the verbiage -“I approve this payment and am certifying, charges appear reasonable, allocable & allowable relative to scope of work, awarded budget and Sponsor requirements”. The preferred method of approval is DocuSign but can be done through email.
If you have already paid for an expense, the correct process would be an expense report not a spend authorization.
Supplier Invoice
When an invoice is received for goods or services from a company, please complete a transaction payment request noting the worktag to be charged and having manager approval -the preferable method is DocuSign. The invoice, transaction payment request, and manager approval must be combined in PDF format and sent to Brown-Finance@email.wustl.edu for processing.
Standard payment turnaround time is 30 days. If all necessary documents and approvals have been included, and there is no system approver questions, the payment process is usually shorter.
If this is a new supplier, Brown Finance will need a W9 (https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/fw9-March-2024.pdf) or W8 (https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Form-W-8-BEN-Rev.-October-2021.pdf) to be included with the check request (in PDF Format).
If EFT is requested for domestic supplier, please include https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WU-Fillable-EFT-and-W9-03-15-24.pdf.
If foreign supplier, wires are the only payment method, please include – https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wire-Transfer-Banking-Instructions-041724.pdf. All files must be in PDF format.
Miscellaneous Payments
Miscellaneous payments are usually used to pay individuals who provide services, reimburse non-employees for expenses, and pay participant incentives. Please complete a transaction payment request noting the worktag to be charged and having manager approval. The preferable method is DocuSign. The receipts or contract/letter of agreement, transaction payment request, and manager approval must be combined in PDF format and sent to Brown-Finance@email.wustl.edu for processing.
The standard payment turnaround time is 30 days. If all necessary documents and approvals have been included and there are no system approver questions, the payment process is usually shorter.
If this is a new miscellaneous payee, Brown Finance will need a W9 (https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/fw9-March-2024.pdf) or W8 (https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Form-W-8-BEN-Rev.-October-2021.pdf) WHEN PAYING FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS, PLEASE USE THE FOREIGN INDIVIDUAL INFORMATION REQUEST. https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Foreign-Individual-Information-Request-rev-June-2023.pdf to be included with the check request (in PDF Format).
If EFT is requested for domestic supplier, please include https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WU-Fillable-EFT-and-W9-03-15-24.pdf.
If foreign individual, wires are the only payment method, please include – https://financialservices.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wire-Transfer-Banking-Instructions-041724.pdf. All files must be in PDF format.
Additional Help
If you need additional help or have any questions, please email Brown-Finance@email.wustl.edu. You can also reach out to your Accounting Analyst.